The Treaty of Versailles (ended WW I)

The Treaty of Versailles affected Germany at the end of WWI, as Germany was blamed for everything. Even though other countries were involved in the war, the treaty made Germany pay for all the destruction. 10% of the Germans property on the other side were taken over.
Some of the rules of the treaty were as follow:

1. German army – no conscription 100,000 man limit
2. Saar coal mining area controlled by France
3. Germany must pay reparations (money and/or goods) to the Allies
4. The league of Nations would be formed from Wilson’s 14 points
5. Allies occupy the west bank of the Rhine to French border for 15 years (would become a demilitarized zone)

I totally don't think it is fair. They just wanted some one to blame all on. There were other country that should have been part of the blame.
Some historians say that the Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of Fascism and Adolph Hitler
because when the country was going down after the treaty, they wanted some one to bring back the nation. Hitler was a great leader, and they all believed that he would help the nation to step up. But, they did not knew that he was a crazy man who would kill 6 million Jewish. Historians say this because Hitler had all the power to do what ever he wanted to. He basically wanted to take over the world. In a way, he almost achieved it.

Mustafa Kemal

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is known as "The Father of Turkey". He was the president of Turkey for 15 years. Before that, he was a commander leader and because of his victories and his cultural and socio-political reforms, Turkey formed as a new nation. He believed that all the people were supposed to dress and live like the Europeans. He also established law which state proper clothing like shirt, pant, tie, hat etc. instead of that dress kind of cloth.
There was legal systems where everyone was was equal in front of the law. He improved the agricultural expansion, industrial growth, and technological advancement. His work was very impressive and helped the nation in many different ways.
Secular means to have reference to worldly things or to things that are not regarded as religious, spiritual or scared.

Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhi's real name was Mohandas K. Gandhi. He was called Mahatma (great soul). He was a lawyer who fought against the racial problems towards the Indians. When Gandhi was in South Africa, he purchased a 1st class ticket. But, he was told to move to the third class coach because he was Indian. Gandhi refused and he was kicked out at the next station. The massacre at Amritsar was the act which brought the independence soul from Gandhi. He told his follower not to use violence but civil disobedience. He told the Indians to stop buying goods from the British which would weaken the British government.
Gandhi weaved his own cloth and so did his followers. He took a step to stop the Salt Acts. During that time, Indians could only buy salt from the British. They also had to pay sales tax on the salt they brought. So, Gandhi and his followers marched on the sea cost. They were going to make their own salt. When his followers used any violence act, he would go for fasting until they stop it. He was a great leader. Gandhi wanted Muslims and Hindus to live in the same country, India. He was assassinated by an Indian who did not support the idea about Muslims and Hindus living together.
Indians Independence was not all about Gandhi. Since British was involved in the WWII, they lost many troops and had a huge financial problems. British could not take care about India. So anyway in the future, India was going to get their independence.

Cause of World War I

The primary cause of World War I was the anger the leaders had towards other countries that was supported by the nationalism of the European nations. The three major cause are as follow;
1.Nationalism was one of the major reason which lead to the war. The 4 countries from Europe, which are France, Germany, Austria and Russia were nationalistic about their own country. This brought hatred against each others. The movie we watched, showed how nationalistic they were. The first introduction part was very strong. There were kids from each country, residing poem about their nation.
2. Militarism was other reason which caused the war. Each country were improving in their military system. They demanded more power for their country. Germany was the strongest country with the military. Each country took side of each others. British and France worked together while Germany and Austria worked with each others.
3. The assassination of Sarajevo was the breaking point of Europe. Due to the assassination, Germany promised total help and support to Austria-Hungary who was forced to declare war on Serbia.

The Opium War

The First Opium War or the First Anglo-Chinese War was fought between the British East Indian Company and the Qing Dynasty in China from 1839 to 1842 with the aim of forcing China to import British opium. Britain won the war and as a result gained control over Hong Kong.
Opium was used as medicine to cure diseases such as dysentery, cholera, as well as diarrhea. British wanted to trade with China for tea, but China did not wanted any help from them. So, in order to get the tea, British started to sell Opium to the Chinese people. They got addicted to Opium and the government was not happen with this situation. Almost all the population used the Opium. They traded large amount of sources, specially silver which weakened the economically badly.
Lin Tse-Hsua, an imperial commissioner, was the charge of organization for anti-opium. He wrote a letter to Queen Victoria of England, informing about the Opium. But,this did not work the way they wanted to. In 1840, the first attempt of Opium War started. This was the first drug war. China was not prepared for this war, since they were not advanced in technology like the British. The Treaty of Nanjing marked the beginning of foreign commercial and residential privileges in China. This helped the China to catch up the world in technology.

Mountains of the Moon

As the Europeans explored Africa, they had to faced following hardship;

1. The distance they had to cover to find out the location of the place where the Nile river started.
2. They did not have enough people and weapons.
3. They were attacked by the African Tribes.
   

The source of Nile River was named after a British Queen because, when the Europeans discoverd the source, they decided to name the source as "VICTORIA" as their queen was Victoria. Even though there are people living in that area, the source is still called Victoria.
As shown in the movie, Mountains Of The Moon, the Europeans were advanced in weapons while the Africans only had hand made tools. The Africans only had arrows while the Europeans had guns a cannons.
Taking over meant a lot to the Europeans because they could used the people as the slave and also get the goods that are located in Africa. Europeans very far better advanced than the Africans in many different ways.